Biology Lab 1615 Summary Introduction
Four countries Brazil, Eritrea, India, and Vietnam had succeeded in reducing malaria. Different kinds of tools were use and are available for this purpose. Insecticide-treated bed nets (ITN) reduced child mortality by almost 25%. Also, women in pregnancy can reduce low birth weight in newborns. Artemisinin-based helped in a big scale to reduce malaria. To determine how these countries achieved this goal, published and unpublished documents were collected and partner staff was interviewed to identify the common factors. There were some factors that made difficult to take intervention to a higher level as, not enough financing, weak health infrastructure, no training human resources, and poor quality private sectors services. Those barriers made question if whether or not the project to eliminate malaria “Roll Back Malaria”, will achieve its goal of having the global burden by 50% by 2010. The common reasons why this project succeed are as follow, conducive country conditions, an aimed technical using the right tools, data-driven decision making, strong leadership in all level of governments, community involved, decentralized implementation of finances, trained technical and managerial capacity at national and sub-national levels hands-on technical and programmatic support from partner agencies, and sufficient available financing. As we see, these countries’ experiences offer hope to other countries trying to reduce and eliminate malaria. It is says that it is possible using the right tools. Government and their partners must take the lesson learned from this program success. This report documents the malaria efforts to eradicate malaria from Brazil, Eritrea, India, and Vietnam.
Methods
Documentation of these four countries success is well archived. It is presented based on these regions heavily affected by malaria as Brazil, Eritrea, India, and Vietnam. It was used for the project purpose financial support from the World Bank which commissioned this analysis to be reported. Interviews were conducted with selected people who were involved in the design, implementation, and/or supervisors of this project, including national program directors, technical staff, and World Bank project staff managerial. People who were interviewed were asked a question, “What in your opinion, made this program work?” Responses were recorded, transcribed, and evaluated to determine what the common success factors were for the four countries. This report also reflects the author’s point of view. He was involved in the design and supervision of the World Bank project in Eritrea and India.
Results
The results were as follow in these countries. Mefloquine was the main treatment to fight against malaria in Brazil. This new strategy decreased morbidity in 60%. In 1999 Eritrea created a strategy to control HIV/AIDS, malaria, sexually transmitted diseases and tuberculosis using IRS in the highest-risk areas. Malaria decreased from 179,501 to 65,540. In India, 1997, the strategy used was use of IRS. It was the first tool decreased in 2004 malaria morbidity by 38%. In Vietnam the system used was ITN, communication campaign educating the population, and IRS. Malaria mortality decreased to 0.06%. The key factors are as follow, all this projects were run during economic growth. Also they had a wide variability of diseased risk and burden related to local climate. These four countries used almost the same tools to control malaria. They decentralized the efforts and increased implementation with the help of lead partner agencies. The financing aspect was always supported by the World Bank, key to the succeed of this project.
Discussion
The succeed is based in different techniques and technical approaches, trained human resources, good infrastructure levels in national and sub national levels, good technical support, and financing. This set the example for other countries to follow it. Also, what help the most was that these countries were in good political status to run the programs accordingly. Implementation and the World Bank financing were very important factors to achieve the main goal of this project. Leadership and government played a huge role without comparison to any single factor. Both took malaria as the big reason and priority to join efforts for a common good.
Work Cited
Lawrence M. Barat. “Four Malaria Success Stories: How Malaria Burden was Successfully Reduced in Brazil, Eritrea, India, and Vietnam The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (2006) pp. 12–16.
Methods
Documentation of these four countries success is well archived. It is presented based on these regions heavily affected by malaria as Brazil, Eritrea, India, and Vietnam. It was used for the project purpose financial support from the World Bank which commissioned this analysis to be reported. Interviews were conducted with selected people who were involved in the design, implementation, and/or supervisors of this project, including national program directors, technical staff, and World Bank project staff managerial. People who were interviewed were asked a question, “What in your opinion, made this program work?” Responses were recorded, transcribed, and evaluated to determine what the common success factors were for the four countries. This report also reflects the author’s point of view. He was involved in the design and supervision of the World Bank project in Eritrea and India.
Results
The results were as follow in these countries. Mefloquine was the main treatment to fight against malaria in Brazil. This new strategy decreased morbidity in 60%. In 1999 Eritrea created a strategy to control HIV/AIDS, malaria, sexually transmitted diseases and tuberculosis using IRS in the highest-risk areas. Malaria decreased from 179,501 to 65,540. In India, 1997, the strategy used was use of IRS. It was the first tool decreased in 2004 malaria morbidity by 38%. In Vietnam the system used was ITN, communication campaign educating the population, and IRS. Malaria mortality decreased to 0.06%. The key factors are as follow, all this projects were run during economic growth. Also they had a wide variability of diseased risk and burden related to local climate. These four countries used almost the same tools to control malaria. They decentralized the efforts and increased implementation with the help of lead partner agencies. The financing aspect was always supported by the World Bank, key to the succeed of this project.
Discussion
The succeed is based in different techniques and technical approaches, trained human resources, good infrastructure levels in national and sub national levels, good technical support, and financing. This set the example for other countries to follow it. Also, what help the most was that these countries were in good political status to run the programs accordingly. Implementation and the World Bank financing were very important factors to achieve the main goal of this project. Leadership and government played a huge role without comparison to any single factor. Both took malaria as the big reason and priority to join efforts for a common good.
Work Cited
Lawrence M. Barat. “Four Malaria Success Stories: How Malaria Burden was Successfully Reduced in Brazil, Eritrea, India, and Vietnam The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (2006) pp. 12–16.